Apparatus for waving hair



Nov. 16, 1937.

F. WITSCHI 2,099,358

APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR Filed April 14, 1953 (Ittorneg Patented Nov. 16, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

2.1199352; ArrAaA'rUs roa WAVING nAm Frederick Witschi, mas,- N. 1!.

Application April 14, 1933, Serial No. scam 11 Claims. (01. l32-33) This invention relates to improved apparatus for the waving of human hair and more particularly to apparatus which is intended to impart what is known as a permanent wave to the hair.

5 At the present time, the so-called Croquignole curler, which imparts to the hair a special form of wave called a Croquignole curl, is in generaluse.

Nearer the scalp the wave is looser than itis further from the scalp. This is because the strand of hair is wound upon the curler in successive layers, beginning with the outer tip end of the strand, and because the underlying layers of hair on the curler are resilient.

The so-called spiral curler, which produces what is commonly termed a spiral curl which is a different form of curl from the Croquignole curl, is also used. By using this curler, a tighter wave may be obtained closer to the scalp than can be obtained with a Croquignole curler. This form of a wave is not as desirable for the outer end of the strand as the Croquignole form of curl, but is more desirable than the Croquignole form of our for the inner end of the strand.

Thus the desirable thing is to have a spiral curl for the inner end of the hair and a Croquignole curl for the outer end. Hitherto this result could be obtained only by two distinct operations, which is highly objectionable on account of the time and the labor involved.

One object of my invention is to provide an apparatus for waving and curling hair, such that both forms of curl may be given to any individual strand of hair at the same time-the spiral curl for the inner end of the strand and the Croquignole curl for the outer end.

A further object is to provide apparatus that may be used to produce a true spiral curl and a true Croquignole curl at the same time.

Hitherto attempts have been made to produce 40 both forms of curl in the same strand by using a modified Croquignole curler. But the means and method employed were unsatisfactory, and could not give a true spiral curl at the same time as the Croquignole curl.

A further object of my invention is to simplify hair-waving apparatus of the character described and to provide an appliance which is not only simple and effective but which is readily handled and adjusted by the operator.

A still further object of my invention is to provide an appliancev of the character described which comprises two forms of curlers held in,

operative relation to each other in use 'by the tension of the hair wound thereon. Other objects and advantages of my invention will appear from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof shown on the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Figures 1 and 2 are perspective and side elevational views, respectively, of the preferred form 5 of spiral curler embodying the invention? Figs. 3 and 4 are side and end elevational views, respectively, of one form of Croquignole curler which may be used in connection with the spiral curler shown in Figs. 1 and 2; 10

Figs. 5 and 6 are similar views of a modified form of Croquignole curler;

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate the method for utilizin both the spiral curler and the Croquignole curler of this invention, Fig. 7 showing a portion of the strand of hair wound upon the spiral curler and Fig. 8 showing the two curlers in assembled relation after the end of the strand of hair has been wound upon the Croquignole curler; and

Fig. 9 is a detail view of the spring clamp em- U ployed for temporarily holding the strand of hair upon the spiral curler.

Referring to the drawing, the method for using this invention can be readily understood from a description of the apparatus illustrated therein. In Fig. 1 is shown a spiral curler I tapering in cross-section from end to'end and provided with the usual cord slot 2 at the smaller end thereof. The larger end of the curler I constitutes a fixed abutment whichv is provided with a transverse notch or groove 3 adapted to serve as-a seat for the Croqulgnole curler as described hereinafter, and with an arcuate slot! of gradually increasing depth terminating in the end face of the enlarged end of the curler. The slot 4 may be a rectilinear slot instead of arcuate and it may be parallel with the axis of the curler, or at an angle to it but the arcuate slot as shown is preferred. As shown, the slot 4 at its terminus is preferably of sufficient 40 depth so that it extends beneath the center or axis of the spiral curler I and the slot is widened or flared out at the point 5 so that the strand of hair lying in the slot may be spread out or flattened for a purpose to be described. It will also 5 be noted that the'form of the slot 4 is such that the strand of hair wound hellcally on the curler, as shown in Fig. '7, is turned gradually and without kinking in the direction of the axis of the curler. It will be apparent that the shoulder 6 50 of the strand and to prevent it from flattening or spreading out at that point;

A preferred form of Croquignole curler adapted to be used with the above-described spiral curler I is shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The Croquignole curler comprises a body portion III having a clamping member or bar II hinged thereto. The middle of the body portion III may be knurled or roughened, as indicated at I2, to increase the frictional engagement between the curler and the strand of hair wound thereon or suitable clamping means for the end of the strand may be provided on the curler. The member II is hinged at the point I3 to a clip or ring I4 swivelled on the body portion III in such a manner that the member II may be angularly adjusted to any desired position around the body portion of the curler.

The clamping member II is provided with a projecting lug or shoulder I5 intermediate the ends thereof and locking ridges or projections I6 and IT at the opposite end from the hinge I3. The body portion I0 of the curler is provided with a series of recesses I8 adapted to receive the projection I6 in different adJusted positions of the clamping bar II around the body'portion I0; and a recess IS in the end face thereof adapted to receive the projection I! which springs into the recess I9 when the end of the hinged bar II is forced over the end of the body portion I0. While six equally spaced recesses I3 are shown, any appropriate number and arrangement may be employed. It will be apparent that the interlocking parts of the curler and clamping bar will be effective to secure the latter in adjusted position upon the curler with the shoulder I5 occupying an angular position which depends upon which of the recesses I3 receives the projection I8.

In Figs. 5 and 6 there is shown a modified form of Croquignole curler comprising a body portion 20 and clamping bar 2I generally similar to the corresponding elements in the curler shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The angularly adjustable hinged bar A is provided with a shoulder 22 intermediate its ends and the free end thereof includes a forked tip 23 having upstanding end portions 24. The forked tip 23 of the bar 2I is adapted to straddle a portion 25 of reduced cross-section of the body portion 20 of the curler when brought to the clamping position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5. In this position the end portions 24 of the clamping bar 2i engage one of the flat faces 26 formed on the outer end of the body portion 20 to hold the clamping bar securely against turning or lateral displacement. The detailed construction of the curler may obviously be varied in other respects-without departing from the scope of the invention.

The preferred method for using this invention will be clear from the foregoing and from Figs. 7 and 8. As indicated in Fig. 7, a strand of hair is first segregated andthe end nearer to the scalp is bound to the spiral curler I by means of a cord 30 or in any other desired manner. Then the strand is wound helically upon the curler as indicated at 3| in a compact bunch; and an intermediate portion of the strand is laid in the groove 4. If the hair is fine-grained, the strand may be twisted as it is wound upon the curler in order to secure a wave of uniform tension. Then the strand is fastened temporarily to the curler I by any suitable means, as by a'spring clamp 32 shown in detail in Fig. 9.

The remaining end 33 01' the strand is then wound, in the form of a Croquignole curl, upon the Croquignole curler I0, until the latter is seated in the groove 3 in the spiral curler as shown in Fig. 8. Then the clamping bar II is closed upon the hair and locked in such angular position that the shoulder I5 engages the end of the curler I. The curlers are held in assembled relation by the tension of the hair wound thereon, since the engagement of the shoulder I5 with the end of the spiral curler I prevents the Croquignole curler ID from unwinding. The clamp 32 may then be removed, and the curlers wrapped with a layer of absorbent material, impregnated with a suitable fluid, and a heating pad 34 applied to them in order to set the wave in the usual manner. Separate pads may be used for each curler, or a single T-shaped pad, adapted to envelop both curlers.

It should be understood that it is not necessary to employ the combination of curlers as described above. It is contemplated, for example, that either type of curler may be used exclusively in any instance if desired; or both curlers may be utilized separately in connection with separate strands of hair in a single waving operation. The curlers are adapted for individual use if necessary or desirable in particular cases.

It will be apparent that the device described is adapted to provide waves and curls of the desired character, a spiral curl in the portion of the strand of hair nearer to the head and a Croquignole curl in the outer portion thereof; and that the described construction is simple and easy to adjust in actual practice. Various modifications in the apparatus will occur to those skilled in the art and are intended to come within the scope of the invention if they are within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In hair-waving apparatus, a curler of tapering cross-section from end to end, the larger end of said curler being provided with a slot adapted to receive a strand called upon said curler and direct the same axially of said curler.

2. In hair-waving apparatus, a curler of tapering cross-section from end to end, the larger end of said curler being provided with an arcuate slot of gradually increasing depth terminating in the end face of said curler and of sufficient depth at its terminus to include the central axis thereof.

3. In hair-waving apparatus, a curler of tapering cross-section from end to end, the end face of said curler at the larger end thereof being provided with a transverse notch or groove, said larger end being further provided with a second groove terminating adjacent the bottom of said transverse notch or groove and adapted to receive the strand of hair wound on said curler and to direct the same into said transverse notch or groove.

4. In hair-waving apparatus, a curler of tapering cross-section from end to end, the end face of said curler at the larger end thereof being provided with a. transverse notch or groove, and a second curler removably mounted in said transverse notch or groove with its axis extending transversely to that of said first-mentioned curler.

5. Inhair-waving apparatus, a curler provided at one end thereof with a transverse notchor groove, a Croquignole curler mountedin said notch or groove and provided with a lug engaging the first-mentioned curler and held against amazes I 3 thesamebythetensionofthesh'andotmirbeing waved.

6. In hair-waving apparatus. a spiral curler and a Croquignole curler moimted on one end oi! 5 said spiral curler with its axis transverse to that of the first-mentioned curler, said Croquignole curlerbeing provided at its middle portion with a transverse lug engagins the first-mentioned curler, the curlers being heldin assembled relation by the tension or the strand of hair thereon effecting engagement between, said lug and the first-mentioned curler.

7. A hair-waving curler comprising a body portion and a clamping member thereon and angularly adjustable around said body portion, said member being provided with a laterally projecting lug intermediate theends of said body portion. a

'8. A hair-waving curler comprising an elongated body portion, a longitudinally extending clamping member swivelled thereon and provided with a transverse lug or shoulder and cooperating means on said body portion and clamping member for locking the latter in a predetermined 2 angular adjustment with respect to the body portionoithecurler. r

9. A hair-waving curler comprising a body portion provided at one end thereof with a series of angularly displaced recesses around its periphery and a recess in one end face of said body portion, a clamping member, a lug on said 5 member adapted to engage any of said angularly displaced recesses in the body portion and a second lug on said member adapted to engage a separable Croquignole curler adapted to be connected with the outer end of said spiral curler, and means including a fixed abutment on said 2 spiral curler tor engaging the other curler when cooperatively assembled with hair coiled thereon to positively hold the curlers against relative turning that would permit uncoiling of the hair.

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